Umatshini wokuzalisa igrisi esisiseko semizi-mveliso: Kutheni le nto ilukhetho olukrelekrele kwiiWorkshops kwihlabathi liphela?
Kwishishini lemveliso lehlabathi, nokuba ziiworkshops zobunjineli obuchanekileyo eJamani, iifektri zeendawo zoshishino eTshayina, okanye amaziko eenkonzo zolondolozo eBrazil, ukuzaliswa kwegrisi yokuthambisa ngumceli mngeni oqhelekileyo. Phakathi kokwanda kokuzenzekelayo, oomatshini abalula bokugcwalisa igrisi yokuthambisa kwimizi-mveliso (umongo wayo uluhlobo lwepiston oluzenzekelayo) bayafumana ukuthandwa njengoko benikezela ngexabiso elikhethekileyo, beba sisisombululo esithandwayo kumashishini asebenzayo kwihlabathi liphela.
I. Iingenelo eziphambili ezisebenzayo kwihlabathi liphela
1. Ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kwihlabathi liphela kumahluko emarikeni
Umda wotyalo-mali wokuqala ophantsi kakhulu : EYurophu, iindleko zabasebenzi ziphezulu kodwa imveliso encinci ixhaphakile; e-Asia, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemali kubalulekile; eLatin America, uvakalelo lokuhamba kwemali luphezulu. Ixabiso layo liphakathi kwe-$3,000 ne-$15,000, esi sixhobo siba “yiteknoloji yentando yesininzi” efikelelekayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho.
Ulondolozo Olulula, Olungaxhomekekanga kwiMixokelelwane yoNikezelo Oluntsonkothileyo : Kwimimandla enenkxaso yobugcisa enokuthi ingabi namlinganiselo, uyilo olulula loomatshini luvumela oomakhenikhi basekuhlaleni ukuba benze ulondolozo ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba kufike iinjineli zamazwe ngamazwe. Oku kubalulekile kwiifektri ezikuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, e-Afrika, eMpuma Yurophu, nakwiindawo ezifanayo.
I-ROI ekhawulezayo (Imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali) : Amashishini ehlabathi avumelana ngento enye: “Imali ekhawulezayo.” Ukuphucula ukusuka ekuqokeleleni igrisi ngesandla ukuya ekuzaliseni okuzenzakalelayo kunciphisa inkunkuma nge-3-5% kwaye kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle nge-200-300%, kunye namaxesha okuhlawula ahlala iinyanga ezi-3-8 kuphela.
2. Ukujongana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zemveliso yehlabathi
Intshatsheli Yokuguquguquka KweeBatches Ezincinci NeeNtlobo Ezininzi: Nokuba yimveliso eyenziwe ngokwezifiso yaseJamani phantsi kwe-"Industry 4.0," iigrisi ezikhethekileyo zaseIndiya kumashishini ahlukeneyo, okanye iifektri zaseTurkey eziphatha ii-odolo ezahlukeneyo zokuthumela ngaphandle, amandla okutshintsha ngokukhawuleza (ukutshintsha iinkcukacha ngaphakathi kwemizuzu emi-5) kwenza umatshini omnye ukwazi ukukhonza iimarike ezininzi.
Ukupakisha "okukwindawo" okungathozamiyo kwihlabathi liphela. Kulula ukuqhelana noku:
Iityhubhu/iibhotile eziphinda zisetyenziswe zaseYurophu ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo
Ukupakisha kweplastiki okuxabisa kakhulu e-Asia
Iikheni zesinyithi ezihlala ixesha elide zaseMbindi Mpuma/Afrika
Ukupakisha okuqhelekileyo kwezorhwebo eMelika
Akukho mfuneko yezinto ezibizayo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ngohlobo ngalunye lokupakisha.
3. Ubuchule boBugcisa: Isebenza ukusuka kwi-"German Precision Engineering" ukuya kwi-"Emerging Markets"
Ukuchaneka Okuqatshelwayo kwihlabathi liphela, Ukuchaneka kwemetrological (± 0.5-1.0%) kwetekhnoloji ye-servo-piston kuyahlangabezana nezi zinto zilandelayo :
- Imigaqo engqongqo yesatifikethi se-EU CE kunye ne-metrology
- Iimfuno ezifanelekileyo ze-FDA/USDA (umz., izithambisi ezikumgangatho wokutya)
- Imigangatho yeJIS yaseJapan
- Iinkcukacha zobonelelo lwabathengi be-OEM kwihlabathi liphela
Ukuphatha iintlobo ngeentlobo zeefomyula zehlabathi, Uyakwazi ukucutshungulwa :
Iigrisi zokwenziwa zecompound ezisebenza kakuhle zaseYurophu
Iigrisi eziqhelekileyo zaseMntla Melika ezisekelwe kwi-lithium/polyurea
Iioyile zeminerali ezisetyenziswa kakhulu eAsia
Iigrisi ezikhethekileyo ezinezithako eziqinileyo (umz., i-molybdenum disulfide)
II. Iingenelo ezihlengahlengisiweyo kwiinkqubo zoshishino zengingqi
EYurophu (eJamani, e-Itali, eFransi, njl.njl.):
Ihambelana nefilosofi ethi "Moderate Automation" : Endaweni yokulandela iifektri ezingenabantu ngokungaboniyo, isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanelekileyo ukujongana nemingeni ephambili. Igcina ukuguquguquka kokubekwa kwesikhongozeli ngesandla ngelixa iqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokuzaliswa ngoomatshini.
Idityaniswe ngokulula kwimigca yemveliso ekhoyo : Iifektri zaseYurophu zihlala zineendlela zokuvelisa ezidala. Izixhobo ezilula zingafakwa njengezikhululo ezizimeleyo ngaphandle kotshintsho olukhulu.
Ixhasa imveliso "yobugcisa bobugcisa" : Ilungele ukuvelisa iigrisi ezikhethekileyo ezinexabiso eliphezulu, ezincinci, ezifana nezo zamandla omoya okanye oomatshini bokutya.
EAsia (eTshayina, eIndiya, eMzantsi-mpuma Asia):
Isisombululo esifanelekileyo sotshintsho phakathi kweendleko zabasebenzi ezikhulayo : Njengoko iindleko zabasebenzi zisanda kulo lonke elase-Asia kodwa zingakafikeleli kumda wezoqoqosho wokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo, oku kubonelela ngendlela yokuphucula engabizi kakhulu.
Ukumelana nombane/umoya ongaguqukiyo : Iziseko zophuhliso zisakhula kwiindawo ezininzi. Uyilo olucocekileyo lwe-mechanical/servo-electric lubonakala luthembekile ngakumbi kunoomatshini abasebenzisa umoya ngokupheleleyo abaxhomekeke kwimithombo yomoya engaguqukiyo.
Indawo efanelekileyo yokuqala uphuhliso lwabasebenzi abanezakhono : Ukusebenza nokugcinwa okulula kusebenza njengeqonga loqeqesho lweengcali zasekuhlaleni ezitshintshela kwi-automation ekumgangatho ophezulu.
KwiLatin America, kuMbindi Mpuma, naseAfrika:
Ukuxhomekeka okuphantsi kokungenisa impahla : Iimodeli ezininzi zibonelela ngezixhobo ezingasetyenziswayo kunye nenkonzo evela apha ekhaya ngabasasazi, nto leyo enciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwiindlela zokubonelela ngempahla kumazwe ngamazwe.
Ifanelekile kwiiMarike ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi : Ezi ndawo zihlala zigcina izityalo ezininzi zokuxuba amafutha amancinci ukuya kweziphakathi ezikhonza amacandelo emigodi yasekuhlaleni, ezolimo, kunye nezothutho. Izixhobo ezisisiseko zihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo namandla azo emveliso.
III. Iimeko zeSicelo seHlabathi lokwenyani kubasebenzisi beHlabathi
Ababoneleli beTier 2 kwii-OEM zeHlabathi : Izityalo ezincinci zeekhemikhali ezibonelela ngeegrisi ezikhethekileyo kwiimpawu zehlabathi ezifana neCaterpillar, iSiemens, kunye neBosch, zihlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo enemveliso ephantsi.
Iindawo Zokuvelisa Ezikwiindawo Ezithile ZeeNkampani Ezinamazwe Ngamazwe : IShell, iCastrol, kunye neFuchs zizalisa iimveliso ezithile zasekuhlaleni kumazwe ahlukeneyo ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zemarike yengingqi.
Iingcali zeDomain eziKhethekileyo :
- eSwitzerland: Imveliso yokuthambisa izixhobo ezichanekileyo
- IJapan: Ukuzaliswa kwerobhothi yokuthambisa
- eOstreliya: Ukuphinda upakishe igrisi ethile kwimigodi
- eNorway: Ukupakishwa kwezithambiso zaselwandle
IiNethiwekhi zeNkonzo yoLondolozo lweHlabathi :
- Abathengisi bezixhobo zokwakha (umz., uKomatsu, uJohn Deere)
- Ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zezixhobo zoshishino
- Amaziko okugcina iinqanawa
IV. Kutheni Ibe Sisisombululo Sehlabathi Lonke?
1. Itekhnoloji “Efanelekileyo”
Asikuko ubuchwepheshe obuphelelwe lixesha, kodwa sisisombululo esifanelekileyo kwiingxaki ezithile. Phakathi "komsebenzi wezandla" kunye "nemigca yemveliso ezenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo" kukho uluhlu olubanzi, apho izixhobo ezilula zithatha indawo eluncedo yokonga iindleko.
2. Ukumelana neCandelo loNikezelo
Ubhubhane kunye nezopolitiko zelizwe zibonise ukubaluleka kokwenza imixokelelwane yokubonelela ibe yindawo yasekuhlaleni. Ezi zixhobo:
Ingabonelelwa ngabavelisi kumazwe amaninzi (eJamani, e-Itali, eTshayina, eMelika, eIndiya, njl.njl.)
Iimpawu zezixhobo ezisemgangathweni nezifumaneka lula
Kunciphisa ukuthembela kumthombo omnye wetekhnoloji
3. Ukulungelelaniswa neendlela zokuphucula imboni yeHlabathi
Nokuba kukwenziwa kwemveliso encinci ekumgangatho ophezulu kumazwe aphuhlileyo okanye uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso kumazwe asaphuhlayo, linyathelo lokuqala elisengqiqweni lokufikelela kwi-automation ekupakisheni igrisi.
4. Imbono yoZinzo
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi kakhulu: Umbane ongaphantsi ngama-80% kuneentambo ezisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo
Inkunkuma encinci yezinto eziphathekayo: Uyilo olusekwe kwipiston alushiyi ntsalela
Ubomi benkonzo ende: Yenzelwe ukusebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10, ihambelana nemigaqo yezoqoqosho olujikelezayo
Ixhasa imisebenzi yasekuhlaleni: Ifuna abaqhubi endaweni yokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi wabantu
V. Iingcebiso kubathengi beHlabathi
Gxila kwiimpawu eziphambili, kungekhona kwiindlela ezinomtsalane:
Okubalulekileyo : Izixhobo zoqhagamshelwano zentsimbi engenasici zeprimiyamu, i-servo motor drive, ivalvu yokulwa nokuvuza
Ongakukhetha : Isikrini sokuchukumisa esinombala (nangona ulawulo lwamaqhosha lunokuqina ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinzima)
Qinisekisa ukuba imveliso yakho iyavavanywa :
Thumela iigrisi zakho ezinzima kakhulu (ezinoburhabaxa obuphezulu, ezigcwele iinxalenye, njl.njl.) kubaboneleli ukuze bavavanywe—eyona ndlela ikuphela kwayo yokuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zihambelana nesicelo sakho.
