Mīhini Whakakī Hinu Industrial Basic: He aha i pai ai mō ngā awheawhe puta noa i te ao?

I roto i te umanga hangahanga o te ao, ahakoa ko ngā awheawhe hangarau tika i Tiamana, ko ngā wheketere rohe ahumahi i Haina, ko ngā pokapū ratonga tiaki rānei i Brazil, he wero noa te whakakī hinu whakahinuhinu. I waenganui i te puāwaitanga aunoatanga, kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā mīhini whakakī hinu whakahinuhinu ahumahi māmā (ko te matua he momo piston haurua-aunoa) nā te mea he uara ahurei tā rātou e tuku ana, ā, koia te otinga pai mō ngā umanga whai hua huri noa i te ao.

I. Ngā Painga Matua e Pā Ana ki te Ao Whānui

1. Te Whai Huatanga Utu Whānui puta noa i ngā Rerekētanga o te Mākete

He tino iti te paepae haumitanga tuatahi : I Ūropi, he nui ngā utu mahi engari he mea noa te whakaputa i ngā puranga iti; i Āhia, ko te whai huatanga o te whakapaipai te mea nui; i Amerika Latina, he nui te aro ki te rere o te moni. I waenga i te $3,000 me te $15,000 te utu, ka noho tēnei taputapu hei "hangarau manapori" e taea ai te utu i roto i ngā taiao ōhanga kanorau.

Te Tiaki Māmā, Ātea i ngā Mekameka Tuku Uaua : I ngā rohe he iti pea te tautoko hangarau, mā te hoahoa mīhini māmā ka taea e ngā mekanika o te rohe te mahi tiaki me te kore e tatari kia tae mai ngā miihini o te ao. He mea nui tēnei mō ngā wheketere i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia, Āwherika, Ūropi ki te Rawhiti, me ngā wāhi rite.

ROI Tere (Whakahokinga mai i te Pūtea) : E whakaae ana ngā umanga o te ao ki tētahi mea: "Te moni tere." Mā te whakapai ake i te tango hinu ā-ringa ki te whakakī ā-haurua-aunoa ka whakaitihia te para mā te 3-5%, ā, ka whakanui ake i te whai huatanga mā te 200-300%, me ngā wā whakahoki moni e 3-8 marama noa iho.

2. Te aro atu ki ngā tono whakaputa kanorau o te ao

Te Toa Ngāwari mō ngā Puranga Iti me ngā Momo Maha: Ahakoa he hanga ritenga a Tiamana i raro i te "Ahumahi 4.0," ngā hinu motuhake a Īnia mō ngā momo ahumahi, ngā wheketere rānei a Turkey e whakahaere ana i ngā ota kaweake rerekē, ka taea e te mīhini kotahi te mahi ki ngā mākete maha mā te kaha whakawhiti tere (te whakawhiti whakatakotoranga i roto i te 5 meneti).

Tākai "Ā-rohe" Kāore e whakahihi ana puta noa i te ao. He ngāwari te urutau ki:

Ngā ngongo/pounamu hangarua ā-taiao o Ūropi

Ngā takai kirihou utu-iti o Āhia

Ngā kēne whakarewa pakari o te Waenganui Rawhiti/Āwherika

Ngā takai hokohoko paerewa o Amerika

Kāore e hiahiatia he taputapu utu nui ritenga mō ia momo takai.

3. Te Ao Whānui o te Hangarau: E pā ana ki te "Hangarau Tika Tiamana" ki te "Mākete Puta Ake"

Te Tika e Mōhiotia Ana e te Ao Katoa, Ko te tika o te ine (±0.5-1.0%) o te hangarau servo-piston e tutuki ana i :

- Ngā ture tino pakari mō te tiwhikete EU CE me te ine ine

- Ngā whakaritenga e tika ana a te FDA/USDA (hei tauira, ngā hinu whakahinuhinu kai)

- Ngā paerewa JIS Hapanihi

- Ngā whakatakotoranga tuku kiritaki OEM o te ao

Te whakahaere i ngā momo hanganga o te ao, Ka taea te tukatuka :

Ngā hinu hangai mahi-teitei o Ūropi

Ngā hinu lithium/polyurea noa o Amerika Te Raki

Ngā hinu kohuke e whakamahia whānuitia ana i Āhia

Ngā hinu motuhake kei roto ngā tāpiringa totoka (hei tauira, te molybdenum disulfide)

II. Ngā Painga i Whakarerekētia ki ngā Pūnaha Ā-Ahumahi ā-Rohe

I Ūropi (Tiamana, Itari, Wīwī, me ētahi atu):

E hangai ana ki te rapunga whakaaro "Aunoatanga Āhuahira" : Engari i te whai i ngā wheketere kore tangata, ka whakamahia e ia ngā hangarau tika hei whakatika i ngā wero matua. Ka mau tonu te ngāwari o te whakatakotoranga ā-ringa o ngā ipu me te whakarite kia tika te whakakī mā roto i ngā mīhini.

He ngāwari te whakauru atu ki ngā raina whakaputa o nāianei : He maha ngā whakatakotoranga whakaputa tawhito o ngā wheketere o Ūropi. Ka taea te whakauru i ngā taputapu māmā hei teihana takitahi me te kore he whakarerekētanga nui.

Tautoko i te hanga "toi toi" : He mea tino pai mō te hanga hinu motuhake he nui te uara tāpiri, he iti te rahi, pērā i ērā mō te hiko hau, mō ngā mīhini kai rānei.

I Āhia (Haina, Īnia, Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti):

Te otinga whakawhiti tino pai i waenganui i te pikinga o ngā utu mahi : I te mea kei te piki haere ngā utu mahi puta noa i Āhia engari kāore anō kia eke ki te paepae ōhanga mō te aunoatanga katoa, koinei te ara whakapai ake tino whai hua.

Te ātete ki te tuku hiko/hau pumau : Kei te whanake tonu ngā hanganga i roto i ngā rohe maha. He pono ake ngā hoahoa miihini/hiko-servo parakore i ngā mīhini hau-pūmau e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā pūtake hau pumau.

He tīmatanga pai mō te whakawhanake i ngā kaimahi pūkenga : Ko te whakahaere me te tiaki ngāwari he tūāpapa whakangungu mō ngā tohunga hangarau ā-rohe e neke ana ki te taumata aunoatanga teitei ake.

I Amerika Latina, i te Waenganui Rawhiti, me Āwherika:

He iti te whakawhirinaki ki te kawemai : He maha ngā tauira e tuku ana i ngā wāhanga e manawapa ana mai i te rohe me ngā ratonga mā roto i ngā kaituku, ka whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā mekameka tuku mai i te ao whānui.

He pai mō ngā Mākete Iti-ki-Waenga : He maha ngā wheketere whakaranu hinu iti-ki-waenga kei ēnei rohe e mahi ana ki ngā rāngai keri, ahuwhenua, me te kawe waka o te rohe. He tino ōrite ngā taputapu taketake ki tō rātou kaha whakaputa.

III. Ngā horopaki tono o te ao tūturu mō ngā kaiwhakamahi o te ao

Ngā Kaiwhakarato Taumata 2 ki ngā OEM o te Ao : Ngā tipu matū iti e tuku ana i ngā hinu motuhake ki ngā waitohu o te ao pēnei i a Caterpillar, Siemens, me Bosch, e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa pakari me te iti o ngā rahinga whakaputa.

Ngā Pae Hanga ā-Rohe o ngā Kamupene Ao Whānui : Ko Shell, Castrol, me Fuchs e whakakī ana i ngā hua motuhake ā-rohe i ngā whenua rerekē hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te mākete ā-rohe.

Ngā Tohunga Rohe Motuhake :

- Huiterangi: Te hanga hinu whakahinuhinu taputapu tino tika
- Hapani: Whakakī hinuhinu karetao
- Ahitereiria: Te tākai anō i te hinu motuhake ki te maina
- Nōwei: Tākai hinu whakahinuhinu moana

Ngā Whatunga Ratonga Tiaki ā-Ao :

- Ngā kaihoko taputapu hanga (hei tauira, Komatsu, John Deere)
- Ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga taputapu ahumahi
- Ngā pokapū tiaki waka

IV. He aha i riro ai hei otinga ā-ao?

1. Hangarau "Tika Tonu"

Ehara i te hangarau tawhito, engari ko te otinga tino pai mō ngā raruraru motuhake. Kei waenganui i te "mahi ā-ringa" me te "raina whakaputa aunoa katoa" he whānuitanga nui, ko ngā taputapu māmā te mea nui mō te whai hua o te utu.

2. Te Manawanui o te Mekameka Tuku

Kua whakaatuhia e ngā mate urutā me ngā mahi tōrangapū te hiranga o te whakarite i ngā mekameka tuku taonga ki te rohe. Ko ēnei taputapu:

Ka taea te tuku mai e ngā kaihanga i ngā whenua maha (Tiamana, Itari, Haina, USA, Īnia, me ētahi atu)

He wāhanga e wātea ana, he mea paerewa hoki

Ka whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki tētahi pūtake hangarau kotahi

3. Te Whakahāngaitanga ki ngā Ara Whakapai Ahumahi o te Ao

Ahakoa mō te hanga iti-papanga teitei i ngā whenua whakawhanake, mō te ahumahi rānei i ngā whenua whakawhanake, koinei te taahiraa tuatahi tino whaitake ki te aunoatanga o te takai hinu.

4. Tirohanga Whakapūmau

He iti rawa te whakapaunga hiko: Neke atu i te 80% te iti iho o te hiko i ngā raina aunoa katoa
He iti noa ngā para rauemi: Kāore he toenga e toe ana i te hoahoa piston
Te roa o te ora mahi: I hangaia mō ngā tau neke atu i te 10 o te mahi, e hangai ana ki ngā mātāpono o te ōhanga porowhita
Tautoko i ngā mahi ā-rohe: Me hiahia ngā kaiwhakahaere, kaua ki te whakakapi katoa i ngā kaimahi tangata

V. Ngā Taunakitanga mō ngā Kaihoko o te Ao

Arotahi ki ngā āhuatanga matua, kaua ki ngā kōwhiringa whakahirahira:

Mea nui : Ngā wāhanga whakapā maitai kore waikura kounga teitei, te puku motuka servo, te takirere ārai-maturuturu

Kōwhiringa : Mata pa tae (ahakoa ka roa ake te mana o ngā pātene i ngā taiao uaua)

Tohe kia whakamātauria tō hua :
Tukuna mai ō hinu tino uaua (te matotoru rawa, te ki tonu i ngā matūriki, me ētahi atu) ki ngā kaiwhakarato hei whakamātautau—koinei anake te huarahi hei whakarite kia ōrite ngā taputapu ki tō tono.