Umshini Wokugcwalisa Amafutha Oyisisekelo Wezimboni: Kungani Kuyisinqumo Esihlakaniphile Semihlangano Yomhlaba Wonke?

Embonini yokukhiqiza yomhlaba wonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yizindawo zokusebenzela zobunjiniyela obunembile eJalimane, izimboni zezindawo zezimboni eShayina, noma izikhungo zesevisi yokulungisa eBrazil, ukugcwaliswa kwamafutha okugcoba kuyinselele evamile. Phakathi nokukhula kokuzenzakalela, imishini elula yokugcoba amafutha ezimbonini (eyinhloko inguhlobo lwe-piston oluzenzakalelayo) ithola ukuthandwa njengoba inikeza isiphakamiso senani eliyingqayizivele, iba yisisombululo esithandwayo samabhizinisi asebenzayo emhlabeni jikelele.

I. Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Ezisebenzayo Emhlabeni Wonke

1. Ukusebenza Kahle Kwezindleko Kuwo Wonke Umehluko Wemakethe

Umkhawulo wokutshalwa kwezimali wokuqala ophansi kakhulu : EYurophu, izindleko zabasebenzi ziphezulu kodwa ukukhiqizwa kweqembu elincane kuvamile; e-Asia, ukusebenza kahle kwemali kubalulekile; eLatin America, ukuzwela kokungena kwemali kuphezulu. Intengo yayo iphakathi kuka-$3,000 no-$15,000, le mishini iba “ubuchwepheshe bentando yeningi” obungabizi ezindaweni zomnotho ezahlukahlukene.

Ukulungiswa Okulula, Okungenazo Izintambo Zokuphakelwa Eziyinkimbinkimbi : Ezifundeni ezinokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe okungenzeka kube kuncane, ukwakheka okuqondile kwemishini kuvumela omakhenikha bendawo ukuthi benze ukulungiswa ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi kufike onjiniyela bamazwe ngamazwe. Lokhu kubalulekile emafektri aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, e-Afrika, eMpumalanga Yurophu, nasezindaweni ezifanayo.

I-ROI Esheshayo (Inzuzo Ekutshalweni Kwezimali) : Amabhizinisi omhlaba wonke avumelana ngento eyodwa: “Imali esheshayo.” Ukuthuthukisa kusuka ekuqoqeni amafutha ngesandla kuya ekugcwaliseni okuzenzakalelayo kunciphisa imfucuza ngo-3-5% futhi kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle ngo-200-300%, kanti izikhathi zokukhokha zivame ukuba izinyanga ezi-3-8 kuphela.

2. Ukubhekana Nezidingo Zokukhiqiza Emhlabeni Wonke Ezihlukahlukene

Iqhawe Lokuguquguquka Kwamaqoqo Amancane Nezinhlobo Eziningi: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umkhiqizo waseJalimane owenziwe ngokwezifiso ngaphansi kwe-“Industry 4.0,” ama-grease akhethekile aseNdiya ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, noma amafektri aseTurkey aphatha ama-oda ahlukahlukene okuthumela kwamanye amazwe, ikhono lokushintsha ngokushesha (ukushintsha imininingwane kungakapheli imizuzu emi-5) kwenza umshini owodwa ukwazi ukukhonza izimakethe eziningi.

Ukupakishwa “Okusendaweni” Okungazethembi Emhlabeni Wonke. Kuvumelana kalula nalokhu:

Amashubhu/amabhodlela angasetshenziswa kabusha anobungani nemvelo aseYurophu

Ukupakisha kwepulasitiki okungabizi kakhulu e-Asia

Amathini ensimbi aqinile aseMpumalanga Ephakathi/e-Afrika

Ukupakisha okuthengiswayo okujwayelekile kwaseMelika

Asikho isidingo sezinto ezibizayo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ngohlobo ngalunye lokupakisha.

3. Ubuchwepheshe Bokuhlukahluka: Kusebenza kusukela “ku-German Precision Engineering” kuya “kuma-Emerging Markets”

Ukunemba Okuqashelwa Emhlabeni Wonke, Ukunemba kwe-metrological (± 0.5-1.0%) kobuchwepheshe be-servo-piston kuhlangabezana nalokhu :

- Isitifiketi se-EU CE esiqinile kanye nemithethonqubo yokulinganisa

- Izidingo ezifanele ze-FDA/USDA (isb., amafutha okugcoba asezingeni lokudla)

- Izindinganiso ze-JIS zaseJapan

- Imininingwane yokunikezwa kwamakhasimende e-OEM yomhlaba wonke

Ukuphatha izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba wonke, Uyakwazi ukucubungula :

Amafutha okwenziwa ahlanganisiwe asebenza kahle kakhulu aseYurophu

Amafutha avamile asekelwe ku-lithium/polyurea aseNyakatho Melika

Amafutha amaminerali asetshenziswa kabanzi e-Asia

Amafutha akhethekile aqukethe izithasiselo eziqinile (isb., i-molybdenum disulfide)

II. Izinzuzo Ezivumelaniswe Nezinhlelo Zezimboni Zesifunda

EYurophu (eJalimane, e-Italy, eFrance, njll.):

Ihambisana nefilosofi ethi “Moderate Automation” : Esikhundleni sokuphishekela amafektri angenabantu ngokungazi, isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanele ukubhekana nezinselele eziyinhloko. Igcina ukuguquguquka kokubekwa kwesitsha ngesandla ngenkathi iqinisekisa ukunemba kokugcwalisa ngemishini.

Ihlanganiswa kalula emigqeni yokukhiqiza ekhona : Amafektri aseYurophu avame ukuba nezakhiwo zokukhiqiza ezindala. Imishini elula ingafakwa njengeziteshi ezizimele ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okukhulu.

Isekela ukukhiqizwa "kobuciko bobuciko" : Ilungele ukukhiqiza amafutha akhethekile anenani eliphezulu, amancane, njengalawo asebenza ngamandla omoya noma imishini yokudla.

E-Asia (eShayina, eNdiya, eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia):

Isixazululo esihle kakhulu sokushintsha phakathi kwezindleko zabasebenzi ezikhuphukayo : Njengoba izindleko zabasebenzi zikhuphuka kulo lonke elase-Asia kodwa zingakafiki emkhawulweni wezomnotho wokuzenzakalela okugcwele, lokhu kunikeza indlela yokuthuthukisa engabizi kakhulu.

Ukuqina ngokumelene nokunikezwa kwamandla/umoya okungazinzile : Ingqalasizinda isathuthuka ezindaweni eziningi. Imiklamo ehlanzekile yemishini/ye-servo-electric ithembeke kakhulu kunemishini egcwele umoya encike emithonjeni yomoya eqinile.

Indawo efanele yokuqala yokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi abanamakhono : Ukusebenza nokugcinwa okulula kusebenza njengepulatifomu yokuqeqesha ochwepheshe bendawo abashintshela ekuzenzekeleni okusezingeni eliphezulu.

ELatin America, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, nase-Afrika:

Ukuthembela Okuphansi Kokungenisa : Amamodeli amaningi anikeza izingxenye ezisele ezivela endaweni kanye nensizakalo ngabasabalalisi, okunciphisa ukuthembela eziketangeni zokuphakelwa zamazwe ngamazwe.

Ifanelekela Izimakethe Ezincane Kuya Eziphakathi : Lezi zifunda zivame ukuba nezitshalo eziningi zokuxuba amafutha ezincane kuya kweziphakathi ezikhonza imikhakha yezimayini, ezolimo kanye nezokuthutha yendawo. Imishini eyisisekelo ifanelana kahle namandla ayo okukhiqiza.

III. Izimo Zokusebenza Zangempela Zabasebenzisi Bomhlaba Wonke

Abaphakeli Besigaba 2 kuma-OEM Omhlaba Wonke : Izitshalo ezincane zamakhemikhali ezihlinzeka ngamafutha akhethekile kumikhiqizo yomhlaba wonke efana neCaterpillar, iSiemens, neBosch, zihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile ezinomthamo ophansi wokukhiqiza.

Izindawo Zokukhiqiza Ezisendaweni Zezinkampani Zamazwe Ngamazwe : I-Shell, i-Castrol, ne-Fuchs zigcwalisa imikhiqizo ethile endaweni emazweni ahlukahlukene ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zemakethe yesifunda.

Ochwepheshe Besizinda Abakhethekile :

- ISwitzerland: Ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha okugcoba amathuluzi anembile
- Japan: Ukugcwaliswa kwe-Robot Lubricant
- I-Australia: Ukupakisha kabusha amafutha akhethekile okumbiwa phansi
- ENorway: Ukupakishwa kwamafutha olwandle

Amanethiwekhi Esevisi Yokulungisa Yomhlaba Wonke :

- Abathengisi bemishini yokwakha (isib., uKomatsu, uJohn Deere)
- Abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zemishini yezimboni
- Izikhungo zokulungisa izimoto

IV. Kungani Sekuyisixazululo Somhlaba Wonke?

1. Ubuchwepheshe “Obufanele Kahle”

Akusibo ubuchwepheshe obuphelelwe yisikhathi, kodwa yisisombululo esifanele sezinkinga ezithile. Phakathi "komsebenzi wezandla" kanye "nemigqa yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo ngokugcwele" kunendawo enkulu, lapho imishini elula ithatha indawo efanelekile yokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.

2. Ukuqina Kochungechunge Lokuphakelwa

Ubhubhane kanye nezepolitiki zezwe kugqamise ukubaluleka kokwenza amaketanga okuhlinzeka abe sendaweni. Le mishini:

Ingahlinzekwa ngabakhiqizi emazweni amaningi (eJalimane, e-Italy, eShayina, e-USA, e-India, njll.)

Inezici ezijwayelekile, ezitholakala kalula izingxenye ezisele

Kunciphisa ukuthembela emthonjeni owodwa wobuchwepheshe

3. Ukuhambisana Nezindlela Zokuthuthukisa Izimboni Zomhlaba Wonke

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungokwemikhiqizo emincane esezingeni eliphezulu emazweni athuthukile noma kwezezimboni emazweni asathuthuka, kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esinengqondo kakhulu sokufinyelela ezenzakalelayo ekupakisheni amafutha.

4. Umbono Wokuzinza

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kakhulu: Ugesi ongaphansi ngo-80% kunezintambo ezisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokugcwele
Imfucuza encane yezinto ezibonakalayo: Umklamo osekelwe episton awushiyi nhlobo insalela
Impilo yenkonzo ende: Yakhelwe ukusebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10, ihambisana nezimiso zomnotho ojikelezayo
Isekela ukuqashwa kwabantu bendawo: Idinga abaqhubi esikhundleni sokufaka esikhundleni sabasebenzi babantu ngokugcwele

V. Izincomo Zabathengi Bomhlaba Wonke

Gxila ezicini eziyinhloko, hhayi izinketho ezikhazimulayo:

Okubalulekile : Izingxenye zokuxhumana zensimbi engagqwali ze-premium, i-servo motor drive, i-valve yokulwa nokuconsa

Ongakukhetha : Isikrini sokuthinta esinombala (yize izilawuli zezinkinobho zingase ziqine kakhulu ezindaweni ezinzima)

Phikelela ekuhlolweni komkhiqizo wakho :
Thumela amafutha akho aqinile kakhulu (okunobuthi obukhulu, okugcwele izinhlayiya, njll.) kubaphakeli ukuze bahlolwe—okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini ifanelana nohlelo lwakho lokusebenza oluthile.