Umhlahlandlela Oningiliziwe Wemishini Yokugcwalisa Amafutha - Izimiso, Izinhlobo, kanye Nomhlahlandlela Wokukhetha
Imishini yokugcwalisa amafutha iyimishini yezimboni eyenzelwe ngqo ukukhipha amafutha acwebezelayo (unamathisele) ezitsheni ezahlukahlukene. Ibhekana nezinkinga eziyinhloko zokugcwalisa ngesandla—ukusebenza kahle okuphansi, imfucuza ephezulu, ukunemba okungekuhle, kanye nokungahlanzeki okwanele—okwenza kube yimishini ebalulekile ezinqubweni zesimanje zokukhiqizwa kwamafutha kanye nokupakisha.

1. Uyini Umshini Wokugcwalisa Amafutha?

Kalula nje, umshini wokugcwalisa amafutha “upakisha” amafutha. Udlulisa amafutha amaningi ngendlela ephumelelayo nangokunembile kusuka kuma-drum amakhulu uwayise emaphaketheni amancane ukuze athengiswe noma asetshenziswe, njenge:

Okuncane : Amashubhu esirinji (isib. 30g), Amashubhu e-aluminium-plastic (isib. 120g), Amakhatriji/amabhokisi/amabhodlela epulasitiki (isib. 400g).

Okuphakathi nendawo : Amabhakede epulasitiki (isib. 1kg, 5kg), Amadramu ensimbi (isib. 15kg)

Okukhulu : Izigubhu ezinkulu zensimbi (isb., 180kg)

2. Isimiso Sokusebenza Esiyinhloko (Ukusebenzisa Amamodeli Ajwayelekile Njengezibonelo)

Isimiso sokusebenza kwemishini eminingi yokugcwalisa amafutha emakethe singafaniswa namathuluzi amabili ajwayelekile: “Isirinji” kanye “nesinciphisi samazinyo.” Isimiso Sokusebenza Esijwayelekile Nesithembekile: Ukugcwalisa Uhlobo Lwe-Piston.
Lena yindlela evame kakhulu futhi ethembekile yokuphatha amafutha, ikakhulukazi amafutha anomfutho ophezulu njenge-NLGI 2# kanye ne-3# esetshenziswa kakhulu.

Inqubo Yokusebenza (Indlela Yezinyathelo Ezintathu):

Ukumuncwa Kwezinto (Isigaba Sokungenisa):

Lapho umshini uqala ukusebenza, i-piston iyahoxa, idale ingcindezi engemihle (i-vacuum) ngaphakathi kwesilinda yokulinganisa evaliwe. La mandla okumunca adonsa amafutha esitsheni sokugcina ngepayipi—kungaba ngokukhipha i-vacuum noma ukugeleza kwamandla adonsela phansi—angene kwisilinda yokulinganisa, kuqedelwe ukungenisa okulinganiselwe.

Ukulinganisa (Ukulawula Ubuningi) :

Ukushaywa kwepiston kungalawuleka kahle. Ukulungisa ibanga lokushaywa kunquma umthamo wamafutha akhishwe (bese ekhishwa kamuva). Lena yindlela eyinhloko eqinisekisa ukunemba kokugcwalisa. Amamodeli aphezulu afinyelela ukunemba ngaphakathi kuka-±0.5% ngokusebenzisa i-servo motor kanye nokulawula isikulufu sebhola okunembile.

Ukugcwalisa (Isigaba Sokukhipha) :

Uma isitsha sibekwe endaweni yaso (sibekwe ngesandla noma sithuthwa ngokuzenzakalelayo), i-piston iya phambili, ikhipha amafutha ngesilinda yokulinganisa ngamandla. Amafutha ahamba ngepayipi bese efakwa esitsheni nge-nozzle/valvu yokugcwalisa ekhethekile.

Ekupheleni kokugcwalisa, ivalvu ivala ngokushesha ngemisebenzi yokulwa nokuconsa kanye neyokuvimbela ukubopha, okuqinisekisa ukuvuleka kwebhodlela okuhlanzekile ngaphandle kwezinsalela ezilandelanayo.

Ngokwesibonelo: Isebenza njengesirinji esikhulu sezokwelapha esilawulwa yinjini esiqala sidonse inani elithile lamafutha bese siwafaka ngokunembile ebhodleleni elincane.

3. Izinhlobo Ezivamile Zemishini Yokugcwalisa Amafutha Emakethe

Ngaphezu kohlobo lwe-piston olujwayelekile oluchazwe ngenhla, kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo ezivamile ezikhona ngokusekelwe emandleni okukhiqiza ahlukahlukene kanye nezici zezinto ezibonakalayo:

Uhlobo lwePiston:

Isimiso Sokusebenza : Kufana nesirinji, lapho ukunyakaza kwepiston okuqondile kusunduza khona izinto.
Izinzuzo : Ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu, ukuguquguquka okubanzi kwe-viscosity, imfucuza encane, ukuhlanza okulula.
Okubi : Ijubane elihamba kancane, lidinga ukulungiswa kwezinguquko zemininingwane.
Izimo Ezinhle Kakhulu : Kufanelekela ukusetshenziswa okuningi kokugcwalisa amafutha, ikakhulukazi amafutha anokujiya okuphezulu futhi anenani eliphezulu.

Uhlobo Lwephampu Yegiya:

Isimiso Sokusebenza : Kufana nephampu yamanzi, edlulisa amafutha ngamagiya ajikelezayo
Izinzuzo : Isivinini sokugcwalisa esisheshayo, esifanele ukusebenza okuqhubekayo
Okubi : Ukuguguleka okukhulu kumafutha ane-viscosity ephezulu aqukethe izinhlayiya; ukunemba okuthinteka yi-viscosity
Izimo Ezinhle Kakhulu : Ama-grease angenawo uketshezi anamandla okugeleza kahle (isb., 00#, 0#)

Uhlobo Lokucindezela Komoya (Ibhareli Lokucindezela):

Isimiso Sokusebenza : Njengethini le-aerosol, likhipha amafutha ngomoya ocindezelwe
Izinzuzo : Isakhiwo esilula, izindleko eziphansi, ezifanele izigubhu ezinkulu
Okubi : Ukunemba okuphansi, imfucuza ephezulu (insalela egubhini), ithambekele ekushayweni amabhamuza omoya
Isimo Esifanele : Kufanelekela ukugcwaliswa kokuqala okukhulu okunezidingo eziphansi zokunemba (isb., izigubhu ezingama-180kg)

Uhlobo lwesikulufo:

Isimiso Sokusebenza : Kufana ne-grinder yenyama, kusetshenziswa induku yesikulufo ukukhipha
Izinzuzo : Ifanelekela ama-paste aqinile kakhulu futhi anamaqhubu
Okubi : Ukuhlanza okuyinkimbinkimbi, isivinini esihamba kancane
Izimo Ezinhle Kakhulu : Kufanelekela ama-grease aqinile kakhulu noma ama-paste afanayo (isb., NLGI 5#, 6#)

Isifinyezo:

Kubasebenzisi abajwayelekile abagcwalisa amafutha avamile njenge-lithium-based, calcium-based, noma i-calcium sulfonate complex greases (NLGI 1#-3#), imishini yokugcwalisa yohlobo lwe-piston iyindlela ekhethwayo nejwayelekile. Amamodeli akhethekile ngokuvamile awadingeki.

4. Induduzo

Umshini wokugcwalisa amafutha empeleni uyithuluzi elinembile nelinamandla lokusabalalisa okulinganiselwe. Amamodeli ajwayelekile afana ne-piston alingisa isimiso sokusebenza sesirinji, enikeza izixazululo ezithembekile nezinembile.

Kwabasebenzisi abaningi, ukukhetha umshini wokugcwalisa wohlobo lwe-piston ozenzakalelayo owenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali, oqhutshwa yi-servo, futhi ohlonyiswe nge-valve elwa nokubopha kungaxazulula izinselele zokugcwalisa ezingaphezu kuka-95%. Asikho isidingo sokuphishekela amamodeli ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, abizayo, noma akhethekile. Ukuthuthukisa kusuka ekugcwaliseni ngesandla kuya kumishini enjalo kuletha inani elisheshayo ngokusebenzisa ukusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe, ukuchithwa okuncishisiwe, kanye nokubukeka kobungcweti.

Ngamafuphi: Kuguqula ukugcwaliswa kwamafutha okungcolile nokuyinkinga kube inqubo ehlanzekile, enembile, nephumelelayo.