Ngā Raru me ngā Otinga Noa mō te Whakaranu Hiriwa Kowiri tira
Kupu Whakataki
Hei taputapu matua mō te hanga papatipu o te wheketere, ka mahi te mīhini whakaranu hiri silicone maitai kore waikura i raro i ngā kawenga nui mō ngā wā roa. Kāore e taea te karo i ngā hapa iti – kāore te korehau e eke ki ngā taumata e hiahiatia ana, ngā haruru rerekē mai i te mīhini whakaoho, te turuturu rauemi, te waikura i te tinana... Ahakoa te āhua iti o ēnei raruraru, ka pā tika ki ngā wātaka hanga, ka puta pea he para hua, he kino taputapu, me ngā mate koretake mō te wheketere.
He tokomaha ngā kaimahi tiaki e mataku ana ina puta he hapa, kāore i te mōhio me pēhea te tīmata ki te rapu huarahi. Ka whakaweto noa rātou i te mīhini ka tatari kia whakatikatikaina e te kaihanga, ka moumou te wā whakaputa nui. Ko te mea pono, ko te nuinga o ngā hapa e kitea ana ka taea te whakatau wawe ina kitea te take – me te kore e hiahiatia he tohunga hangarau ngaio ki te papaanga.
He tuhinga tēnei mā ngā kaimahi tiaki awheawhe me ngā kaiwhakahaere taputapu. E whakarāpopoto ana i ngā hapa e ono e tino kitea ana o ngā mīhini hiri silicone kowiri tira, e wehewehe ana i ia hapa me ngā "tohu hapa + tātari take + otinga." Kei roto hoki ngā tohutohu rapurongoā ohorere me ngā tikanga ārai, hei āwhina i a koe kia noho marino ina puta he hapa, kia tere te whakahoki i te mahi whakaputa, kia kore ai e mutu te mahi me te mahi anō.
1. Hapa Noa 1: Kāore te Taumata Korehau e Tae ki te Paerewa e Hiahiatia ana (≤ -0.098 MPa)
Koinei te hapa tino noa o ngā mīhini hiri silicone kowiri tira. I te nuinga o te wā e pā ana ki ngā hiri, ngā paipa, te papu korehau rānei, ka pā tika ki te whai huatanga o te tango hau o ngā rauemi, ā, ka puta he mirumiru, he āputa, me ētahi atu hapa o te hua.
1.1 Ngā Tohu Hapa
I muri i te tīmatanga o te pūnaha korehau, ka whakaatuhia e te ine korehau he pānui iti e kore e eke ki te ≤ -0.098 MPa, he koretake rānei te taumata korehau – e piki ana, e heke ana.
1.2 Ngā Take Pūtake (Kua whakarārangihia mā te kaupapa matua mō te rapurongoā)
| Matua | Take | Whakamārama |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ngā hiri kua pakaru, kua tawhito rānei | Kua pakarukaru, kua hē te āhua, kua whai toenga/paru rānei ngā hiri mīhini, ngā mowhiti hiri taupoki rānei i runga i ngā mata hiri, ka turuturu te hau. |
| 2 | Kāore i raka tika te taupoki | I muri i te hiki me te tuku iho, kāore te taupoki i tino raka – ka taea e ngā āputa te uru ki te hau i roto i te tāke |
| 3 | Te turuturu, te aukati rānei o ngā paipa korehau | Ngā hononga paipa e wetekina ana, e pakaru ana rānei, ngā toenga/paru rānei i roto i ngā paipa e turuturu ana te hau, e aukati ana rānei i te rere o te hau |
| 4 | Te rahunga o te papu korehau | He iti, he pakaru rānei te hinu papu korehau, he pakaru rānei ngā wāhanga o roto e whakaiti ana i te pai o te papu. |
| 5 | Te utaina rawa o te tāke | Neke atu i te 80% o te kaha o te tāke te rahinga o ngā rauemi – ka nohoia e te rauemi te wāhi korehau, ka ārai i te taumata korehau e hiahiatia ana. |
1.3 Ngā Otinga Tere
Tirohia te raka o te taupoki: Ki te kore e raka tika, katia, ka raka anō te taupoki, kātahi ka whakamātau anō i te taumata o te korehau.
Tirohia ngā hiri: Whakatuwheratia te taupoki, horoia ngā toenga/paru i ngā mata hiri. Tirohia mēnā kua pakaru, kua tawhito rānei ngā mowhiti hiri. Mēnā āe, whakakapia tonutia. Me whakarite kia piri pai ngā mata hiri i muri i te whakakapinga.
Tirohia ngā paipa korehau: Tirohia ia hononga paipa takitahi. Whakamaua ngā hononga korehau. Whakatikahia, whakakapia rānei ngā paipa pakaru. Whakakorehia ngā para/ngā paru mai i ngā paipa kia pai ai te rere.
Tirohia te papu korehau: Whakakīia te hinu o te papu korehau. Mena he pōuri, he pirau rānei te hinu, whakakapia ki te hinu hou. Mena ka puta he haruru rerekē, ka wera rawa rānei te papu, kati te tirotiro – tirohia te pakaru o ngā wāhanga o roto, whakatikahia, whakakapia rānei mēnā e tika ana.
Tirohia te rahinga o ngā rauemi: Mena kua nui rawa te wai, tangohia te rauemi taikaha. Whakahaerehia te rahinga whāngai ki te 70-80% o te kaha o te tāke, kātahi ka whakahokia ki waho.
1.4 Tohutohu mō ngā āhuatanga ohorere
Mena e hiahiatia ana he whakaputanga tere, takaihia ngā hononga paipa mō te wā poto, ka hipoki i ngā āputa ki te rīpene hiri hei whakapai ake i te taumata korehau. Kātahi ka tirotirohia marietia, ka whakakapia ngā hiri i te wā e whai ake nei.
2. Hapa Noa 2: Te Mahi Whakaoho Rerekē (Haruru Rerekē, Piri, Tere Kāore i te Rawaka)
Ko te pūnaha whakaoho te ngākau o ngā taputapu. Mēnā he rerekē te mahi a te whakaoho, ka kore e ōrite te horapa o ngā rauemi, ā, ka iti ake te pai o te whakaputa. Ka taea e ngā take kino te kino ki te mōtini, te pouaka miihini, me ētahi atu wāhanga matua.
2.1 Ngā Tohu Hapa
I muri i te tīmatanga o te pūnaha whakaoho, ka puta he haruru rerekē (he oro mirimiri, he oro patuki rānei) mai i ngā mata o te whakaoho, ka piri i te wā e hurihuri ana, ka mahi rānei i raro iho i te awhe tere e hiahiatia ana – ka hua ake he tino iti te whai huatanga o te marara.
2.2 Ngā Take Pūtake
| Take | Whakamārama |
|---|---|
| Ngā rauemi whakahiato hei whakaoho i te aukati | Ngā rauemi kāore i rongoatia me ngā mea nui kua utaina ki roto i te tāke, e aukati ana i ngā mata o te kaiwhakaohooho |
| Ngā mata orooro e kore e tū tika ana, e kore rānei e tū tika ana | I muri i te whakamahinga mō te wā roa, ka wetekina ngā pūtu o te whakatika, ka hē rānei te tūnga o ngā toki, ka mirimiri, ka pā rānei ngā mata ki te pakitara o te tāke. |
| Te rahunga o te pouaka taputapu | Kāore i te rawaka, kua pakaru rānei te hinu pouaka miihini, kua tawhito rānei ngā taputapu/peera o roto – ka ngoikore te tuku hiko, ka ngaro te tere, ka rerekē hoki te haruru. |
| Ngā raruraru motuka | Te ngaohiko kore pumau, te waea koretake, te pakaru rānei o roto o te motuka – ka hua ake te tere o te motuka kāore i te rawaka, te mahi hē rānei |
| Te pakaru, te rerekētanga rānei o te mata waru | He waru PTFE kua tawhito, kua hē rānei te āhua – he iti te pānga ki te pakitara o te tāke, ka puta he haruru waku i te wā e hurihuri ana |
2.3 Ngā Otinga Tere
Kati tonu, momotuhia te hiko. Whakakorehia ngā mea kua kohia mai i te tāke. Kia kore he arai i mua i te tīmatanga anō.
Tirohia ngā mata o te whakaoho: Whakamaua ngā pūtu whakapiri. Whakatikatikahia te tūnga o te toki kia kore ai e pā ki te pakitara o te tāke i te wā e hurihuri ana. Whakatikahia, whakakapia rānei ngā mata kua pakaru/kua hē.
Tirohia te pouaka miihini: Whakakīia te hinu whakahinuhinu. Whakakapia mēnā kua pakaru. Mēnā ka puta he haruru rerekē, ka wera rawa rānei te pouaka miihini, kati mō te tirotiro – tirohia te pakaru o ngā wāhanga o roto.
Tirohia te motuka: Tirohia te ngaohiko me ngā waea o te motuka. Whakamaua ngā hononga e kore e pai. Whakatikatikahia te ngaohiko mēnā he koretake. Mēnā he rahunga o roto o te motuka, whakapā atu ki ngā kaimahi whakatika.
Tirohia te mata waru: Whakakapia te waru PTFE kua tawhito, kua hē rānei te āhua. Whakatikatikahia te tūnga o te waru kia piri tonu ai te pā ki te pakitara o te tāke, kia kore ai e waku.
3. Hapa Noa 3: Te turuturu mai i te Tāke, i te Tinana rānei (Rauemi/Hinu)
Ko ngā raruraru turuturu e pā ana ki ngā hiri, ngā paipa, te tāke tonu rānei. Ehara i te mea ka maumauria noa ngā rauemi engari ka waikura hoki te tinana o te maitai kore waikura, ka pā ki te roa o te ora o ngā taputapu, ā, ka puta he tūponotanga haumaru.
3.1 Ngā Tohu Hapa
I te wā e whakahaerehia ana te taputapu, ka turuturu ngā rauemi mai i te raro o te tāke, te hononga taupoki, ngā hononga paipa rānei. Ka turuturu rānei te hinu mai i te pūnaha waipēhi, i te pouaka miihini rānei.
3.2 Ngā Take Pūtake
| Take | Whakamārama |
|---|---|
| Ngā hiri kua pakaru, kua tawhito rānei | Kua tawhito, kua tawhito rānei ngā hiri taupoki, ngā hiri mīhini, ngā hiri paipa rānei – ka turuturu ngā rauemi, ngā hinu rānei |
| Ngā whakarewa tāke pakaru | Ka pakaru ngā whakarewa tāke maitai kore waikura i te waikura roa o ngā rauemi me te wiri o ngā taputapu. |
| Ngā hononga paipa pakaru, ngoikore rānei | Ngā hononga korehau, waipēhi, paipa tukunga rānei – ngā paipa pakaru rānei – e turuturu ana |
| Te rahunga o te pūnaha waipēhi | Te hiri ngoikore o te waeine hiko waipēhi, ngā rango, ngā poraka takirere rānei – ka puta te turuturu hinu waipēhi |
| Kāore i raka tika te taupoki | Kāore te taupoki i tino raka – kāore ngā mata hiri i te piri pai – ka turuturu te rauemi |
3.3 Ngā Otinga Tere
Whakamutua te hiko, ka momotu. Horoia te rauemi e turuturu ana me te hinu hei ārai i te waikura o te tinana maitai kore waikura.
Tirohia ngā hiri: Whakakapia ngā hiri kua tawhito, kua tawhito rānei (ngā hiri taupoki, ngā hiri mīhini, ngā hiri paipa). Kia mau te hiri.
Tirohia ngā whakarewa o te tāke: Mena ka kitea ngā pakaru, whakapā atu ki te kaihanga kia whakatikahia te whakarewa – āraia te horapa o te pakaru.
Tirohia ngā paipa: Whakakīkītia ngā hononga paipa. Whakatikahia, whakakapia rānei ngā paipa pakaru.
Tirohia te pūnaha waipēhi: Tirohia ngā hiri o te waeine hiko waipēhi, ngā rango, me ngā poraka takirere. Whakakapia ngā hiri o ngā wāhanga e turuturu ana. Whakakīia te hinu waipēhi.
Tirohia te taupoki: Me raka anō te taupoki kia mau. Me whakarite kia piri pai ngā mata hiri, kia kore he āputa.
4. Hapa Noa 4: Te Waikura i te Tinana/Tāke Kowiri tira
Ko te painga matua o te hanganga maitai kore waikura ko te ātete ki te waikura. Heoi, ki te kore e tika te whakahaere, te tiaki rānei, ka waikura tonu, ka pā ki te āhua o ngā taputapu me te ātete ki te waikura. Mēnā he kino rawa, ka waikura te tāke, ka poke hoki ngā rauemi.
4.1 Ngā Tohu Hapa
Ka puta te waikura iraira, te waikura rīpene rānei i runga i te tinana maitai kore waikura, i te pakitara rānei o roto o te tāke. Tērā pea ka horapa te waikura, ka pā ki te āhua me te mahi o ngā taputapu.
4.2 Ngā Take Pūtake
| Take | Whakamārama |
|---|---|
| Ngā karawarawa mata kāore i rongoatia | Ka rakuraku ngā mea koi i te mata o te maitai kore waikura, ka pakaru te paparanga kore mahi. Ina pāngia e te makuku, e ngā rauemi waikura rānei, ka puta te waikura. |
| Te whakapā atu ki ngā rauemi tino waikura | Ka waikura te mata i te wā roa, ka pāngia hoki e te waikura, te kawakore, te pūhaumāota rānei – te horoi rānei ki ngā matū tino waikura. |
| Te horoi koretake | Ko ngā toenga rauemi e toe ana ki runga i ngā mata kowiri tira mō ngā wā roa ka whakakōkī, ka waikura hoki, ka puta te waikura. |
| Te taiao makuku roa | Ka roa te wā e pāngia ai te awheawhe e te haumākū me te makuku, ka hua ake te waikura me te waikura. |
4.3 Ngā Otinga Tere
Waikura māmā: Horoia ngā wāhi waikura ki te kaihoroi rino kore waikura. Horoia ki te wai ma. Horoia kia maroke ki te kakahu maroke. Tāpirihia he iti noa te rongoā ārai waikura rino kore waikura hei whakapakari i te ātete ki te waikura.
Waikura ngawari/kino: Whakakanapahia ngā wāhi waikura ki te matū whakakanapa maitai kore waikura hei tango i ngā paparanga waikura me te whakahoki mai i te kanapa o te mata. Tāpirihia he rongoā ārai-waikura. Mō te waikura kino o ngā pakitara o roto o te tāke e pā kino ana ki te kounga o ngā rauemi, whakapā atu ki te kaihanga mō te whakatikanga ngaio.
Te whakahaere i ngā karawarawa: Mena he karawarawa te take o te waikura, me whakakanapa tuatahi, kātahi ka pania he rongoā ārai-waikura hei ārai i te hokinga mai.
Whakapai ake i te taiao: Kia pai te hauhautanga o te awheawhe, kia maroke hoki. Āta karohia ngā āhuatanga makuku roa. Kaua e whakamahi i ngā mea horoi tino waikura. Āta karohia te pā ki ngā rauemi tino waikura.
5. Hapa Noa 5: Te Rahunga o te Pūnaha Whakahaere Pāmahana (Teitei Rawa / Iti Rawa / Kāore e Taea te Whakarite)
Ka hua ake te koretake o te pūnaha whakahaere pāmahana i ngā pāmahana rerekē o ngā rauemi, ka pā ki te kounga o te hua (hei tauira, te korenga o te hononga whakawhiti o te hiri silicone, te pakaru o te paru o te pākahiko lithium) ā, ka kino pea ngā taputapu.
5.1 Ngā Tohu Hapa
I muri i te tīmatanga o te pūnaha whakahaere pāmahana, kāore e taea te whakanui ake, te whakaheke rānei i te pāmahana, te piki haere rānei o te pāmahana i waho o te awhe e hiahiatia ana (0-150°C / 32-302°F). He rerekē te whakaaturanga o te kaiwhakahaere pāmahana.
5.2 Ngā Take Pūtake
| Take | Whakamārama |
|---|---|
| Te rahunga o te pūoko pāmahana | Kua pakaru te pūoko, kua iti rānei te aro – kāore e taea te kite tika i te pāmahana o te tāke, ā, kāore e taea te whakahaere i te pāmahana noa |
| Ngā raruraru whakawhiti wera hinu/wai whakamatao | Kāore i te rawaka, kua ngoikore rānei te hinu whakawhiti wera, te koretake rānei o te rere o te wai whakamatao, te korenga rānei o te wai – ka whakaiti i te whai huatanga o te whakamahana/whakamatao |
| Te rahunga o te kaiwhakahaere pāmahana | Kua pakaru ngā wāhanga o roto o te pūmana pāmahana – kāore e taea te whiwhi tohu pūoko, ngā whakahau whakahaere putanga rānei. |
| Te aukati i te koti/te koiri | Ka ārai ngā paipa i te unahi, i te toenga rauemi rānei i roto i te koti whakahaere pāmahana, i te koiri rānei, ka pā ki te whakawhiti wera. |
5.3 Ngā Otinga Tere
Tirohia te pūoko pāmahana: Whakakapia te pūoko kua pakaru. Whakatikatikahia te aro o te pūoko kia tika ai te kimi pāmahana.
Tirohia te hinu whakawhiti wera / te wai whakamatao: Whakakīia te hinu whakawhiti wera. Whakakapia mēnā kua pakaru. Tirohia te pūnaha tohanga wai whakamatao – kia pai te rere. Whakakīia te wai whakamatao.
Tirohia te kaiwhakahaere pāmahana: Whakapā atu ki ngā kaimahi whakatika hei tirotiro i te kaiwhakahaere. Whakakapia ngā wāhanga o roto kua pakaru kia pai ai te mahi.
Horoia te koti/kōiri: I muri i te whakamutu i te mīhini, horoia te unahi me ngā toenga rauemi mai i te koti me te kōiri. Me whakarite kia maeneene ngā paipa hei whakapai ake i te pai o te whakawhiti wera.
6. Hapa Noa 6: Tukunga Kino (He Toenga Rauemi Nui Rawa)
Ki te kore e pai te tukunga, ka nui rawa ngā toenga rauemi me ngā para, ka uaua ake te horoi, ā, ka whakaiti i te whai huatanga o te whakaputanga.
6.1 Ngā Tohu Hapa
Kia oti te horapa, kāore e taea te tuku tere i ngā rauemi, ka mutu rānei te tukanga tukunga. He nui ngā rauemi e toe ana i roto i te tāke, ā, he uaua te horoi.
6.2 Ngā Take Pūtake
| Take | Whakamārama |
|---|---|
| Te aukati i te pūnaha tukunga | Ka āraia te toenga rauemi, te whakapūtanga rānei i te putanga tukunga, i roto rānei i ngā paipa tukunga |
| He tino tiketike rawa te matotoru o te rauemi | I muri i te mararatanga, he nui rawa te matotoru o te rauemi – he iti te rere o te rauemi ka puhoi te tukunga |
| Te mau o te mata waru | Kāore e taea e te mata waru kua tawhito, e te waru PTFE rānei te tango pai i ngā rauemi mai i ngā pakitara me te raro o te tāke – he nui rawa ngā toenga. |
| Te rahunga o te pūnaha tukunga | Te rahunga o te extruder waipēhi, te papu taputapu rānei – ka kore e ranea te mana ka puta he tukunga waikura i ngā wā katoa |
6.3 Ngā Otinga Tere
Horoia te pūnaha tukunga: I muri i te whakamutu, horoia ngā toenga rauemi me te tioata mai i te putanga tukunga me ngā paipa tukunga. Kia maeneene te tukunga.
Whakatikatikahia te matotoru o te rauemi: I runga i ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi, tāpirihia he whakarewa tika hei whakaiti i te matotoru me te whakapai ake i te rere.
Whakakapia te mata waru: Whakakapia te mata waru kua tawhito me te waru PTFE. Me whakarite kia tangohia rawatia ngā rauemi mai i ngā pakitara me te raro o te tāke hei whakaiti i ngā toenga.
Tirohia te pūnaha tukunga: Tirohia te extruder waipēhi, te papu taputapu rānei. Tāutuhia ngā hapa. Whakatikahia, whakakapia rānei mēnā e tika ana kia pai ai te mahi.
7. Ngā Tohutohu Whakatau Rapanga Āhuatanga Ohorere: Ngā Hapa Ohorere – Me pēhea te Urupare Tere
Ina puta he hapa ohorere i ngā taputapu i te wā whakaputa, me whai i ēnei mahi hei ārai i te pikinga o te hapa me te whakaiti i ngā mate:
| Hipanga | Mahi |
|---|---|
| 1 | Kati tonu, momotu te hiko. Ahakoa te momo hapa, katihia te mīhini ka tapahia te hiko i te tuatahi. Ārai i ngā kino atu o ngā wāhanga, ā, kia haumaru hoki te kaiwhakahaere. |
| 2 | Whakatauhia ngā hapa ngāwari. I runga i ngā tohu hapa, whakaritea ngā take ngāwari pēnei i ngā hiri, ngā hononga ngoikore, ngā aukati rānei. Ki te tere te whakatau, tīmata anō, ka whakamātautau. |
| 3 | Te whakahaere i ngā pakaru ohorere. Mō te turuturu o ngā rauemi, mō ngā rerekētanga rānei o te pāmahana, horoia tonutia te rauemi turuturu, ā, kati te whāngai – ārai i te waikura o ngā para rauemi me ngā taputapu. |
| 4 | Whakapā atu ki ngā tohunga whakatika. Mō ngā hapa uaua (te pakaru o te pouaka taputapu, ngā pakaru o te tāke whakarewa), whakapā atu ki te kaihanga taputapu e whakaatu ana i ngā tohu hapa hei āwhina i a koe. Āta karohia ngā whakatikatika matapo ka kino ake te kino. |
8. Te Ārai i ia Rā: Te Whakaiti i ngā Hapa Noa
He pai ake te ārai i te rapu raruraru. Mā te whai i ēnei tikanga e toru ka taea te whakaiti i ngā hapa noa:
8.1 Te Whakahaere Paerewa
Kia tino whai i ngā tikanga whakahaere taputapu. Kaua e utaina rawatia, kaua e whakarerekē tere rawa, kaua e tīmata te whakaoho i mua i te ekenga o te korehau ki te taumata e hiahiatia ana, me ētahi atu mahi hē.
8.2 Te Tiaki Auau
Whakatinanahia ngā wātaka tiaki o ia rā, o ia wiki, o ia marama, me ia tau. Arotahi ki te tirotiro i ngā hiri, te hinu whakahinuhinu, te pūnaha korehau, me te pūnaha whakahaere pāmahana. Whakakapia wawetia ngā wāhanga kua tawhito, kua tawhito rānei.
8.3 Te Tiakitanga Tika
Āraia ngā mea koi kei rakuraku i te mata o te maitai kore waikura. Kaua e whakamahi i ngā mea horoi tino waikura. Kia mātao, kia maroke hoki te awheawhe. Whakamahia ngā mahi tiaki puehu, tiaki makuku, me te tiaki waikura.
Whakamutunga: Mā te Whakatau Tere i ngā Whakatau Raruraru ka Maeneene te Hanga Papatipu
Ko te nuinga o ngā hapa e pā ana ki ngā mīhini hiri silicone kowiri tira e pā ana ki te mahi hē me te tiaki koretake. Mā te mōhio ki ngā tikanga rapurongoā me ngā otinga i roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka taea e koe te tautuhi wawe i ngā take me te whakatau i ngā take ina puta he hapa - te karo i te wā kore mahi, te whakaiti i te para rauemi, me te ārai i te kino o ngā taputapu.
Mō ngā kaimahi tiaki, mā te mōhio ki ngā hapa noa me ngā tikanga rapurongoā ka pai ake te mahi, ka roa ake hoki te ora o ngā taputapu – ka tiakina te hanga papatipu o te wheketere. Mēnā ka puta he hapa uaua kāore e taea te whakatau takitahi, whakapā atu ki te kaihanga taputapu kia tere ai te whiwhi tautoko ngaio – karohia ngā whakatikatika matapo.
